Laravel — P13: Including Subviews in Blade

Posted 8 months ago by Dino Cajic

Laravel — P13: Including Subviews in Blade

Breaking Apart the Views

If you’ve downloaded the code and have been following along in the previous articles, you might have noticed that we have been creating almost the same view with the exception of changing the body content. That means we start with the same html tag and end with it.

Let’s take a look at the previous view that we created, the loops/foreach-lop-variable-nested.blade.php.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>Foreach Loop Variable</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Styles -->
    <style>
        /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(243 244 246 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{--tw-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / .1), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / .1);--tw-shadow-colored: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color), 0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(209 213 219 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(75 85 99 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(31 41 55 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
    </style>
</head>
<body class="p-6">
<h1>Foreach Loop Variable</h1>

    @foreach($cars as $car => $specs)
        <ul>
            <li>{{ $car }}</li>
            <li>Outer Loop Index: {{ $loop->index }}</li>
            <li>Outer Loop Depth: {{ $loop->depth }}</li>
            <li>Outer Loop Parent: {{ $loop->parent }}</li>

            @foreach($specs as $spec)
                <li>Horsepower: {{ $spec[0] }}</li>
                <li>Transmission: {{ $spec[1] }}</li>
                <li>Inner Loop Depth: {{ $loop->depth }}</li>
                <li>Inner Loop Index: {{ $loop->index }}</li>
                <li>Outer Loop (Parent) Index: {{ $loop->parent->index }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    @endforeach

</body>
</html>

How about the cars/car.blade.php view?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>Favorite Cars</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Styles -->
    <style>
        /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(243 244 246 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{--tw-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / .1), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / .1);--tw-shadow-colored: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color), 0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(209 213 219 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(75 85 99 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(31 41 55 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
    </style>
</head>
<body class="p-6">
<h1>My Favorite Car is: {{ $car }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

Looks pretty similar. The only difference is what’s inside the body tag.

What we need is to be able to split apart the code and only include the sections that we need. For example, we can have the header and footer subviews and then just create “body” subviews that contain the content that we would normally put into the body tag.

Let’s start with the header. I’m going to create a new directory inside of views called subviews and I’ll place my header.blade.php file there. The header will contain everything from the starting <!DOCTYPE html> tag to our opening <body class="p-6"> tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>Favorite Cars</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Styles -->
    <style>
        /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(243 244 246 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{--tw-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / .1), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / .1);--tw-shadow-colored: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color), 0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(209 213 219 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(75 85 99 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(31 41 55 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
    </style>
</head>
<body class="p-6">

Our footer will contain our closing </body> and </html> tags.

</body>
</html>

@include directive

Now that the prep-work is done, we can create a new view that contains only the content and include our subviews to construct our big view again.

For this example, I want to create a page that displays the camera manufacturer that I like. Our route will pass the manufacturer to the view.

<?php
Route::get('/cameras/{camera}', function($camera) {
    return view('cameras/camera', [
        'make' => $camera
    ]);
});

Our view will just display the camera that was passed to it. Let’s see what that looks like before we include anything.

Camera: {{ $make }}

Pretty simple and it still works if we visit our route. For example, http://0.0.0.0/cameras/Canon produces Camera: Canon.

 

We need to include our header and footer though to make it a proper HTML document. Let’s do that now.

@include('subviews/header')

Camera: {{ $make }}

@include('subviews/footer')

Let’s refresh the page. You should notice that the font has changed and that we got some additional padding.

This looks a lot simpler than what we used to do.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>Favorite Cars</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Styles -->
    <style>
        /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(243 244 246 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{--tw-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / .1), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / .1);--tw-shadow-colored: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color), 0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(209 213 219 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(75 85 99 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(31 41 55 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
    </style>
</head>
<body class="p-6">
Camera: {{ $make }}
</body>
</html>

You can now create as many views as you’d like. Each time include your header and footer and you’re all set. Remember that the @include directive looks at the views folder. You don’t have to worry about which folder you’ve placed your view in. That’s why even though our view is located in the cameras subdirectory, we can still use @include('subviews/header') instead of @include('../subviews/header'), which is sometimes the first instinct of developers.

Passing Arguments to Your Subviews

Sometimes you need to be able to pass arguments to your subviews. For example, let’s say that we want to change the title of the page that we’re on. That’s pretty standard practice. We can pass the title from the route or hard-code it into the blade file. I’ll pass it from the route.

<?php
Route::get('/best-camera/{camera}', function($camera) {
    return view('cameras/best-camera', [
        'title' => "Best Camera",
        'make' => $camera
    ]);
});

Just like our $make variable, the $title is also a variable that can be echoed out. Let’s create our best-camera.blade.php view.

@include('subviews/header')

The Best Camera in the world is made by: {{ $make }}

@include('subviews/footer')

We need to somehow pass the $title to our subviews/header.blade.php file. It’s the same format that we’ve been using to pass arguments to our views from our routes. You can add an array with key/value pairs as a second argument to the @include directive.

@include('subviews/header', ['title' => $title])

The Best Camera in the world is made by: {{ $make }}

@include('subviews/footer')

If we refresh the page, nothing happens. That’s because we must echo it out like we did with our $make variable. Inside of your title tag, add the {{ $title }} script to display your title.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>{{ $title }}</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Styles -->
    <style>
        /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(243 244 246 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{--tw-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / .1), 0 1px 2px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / .1);--tw-shadow-colored: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color), 0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color);box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow, 0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(229 231 235 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(209 213 219 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(75 85 99 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(31 41 55 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--tw-bg-opacity: 1;background-color:rgb(17 24 39 / var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--tw-border-opacity: 1;border-color:rgb(55 65 81 / var(--tw-border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(255 255 255 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(156 163 175 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity: 1;color:rgb(107 114 128 / var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
    </style>
</head>
<body class="p-6">

Let’s refresh our page to see if it worked.

There it is. Our title is present and working. There’s only one problem. What happens to our previous view where we didn’t pass the title, cameras/{camera}? That’s right, we get an error. We get an undefined variable $title error.

To correct this, we just need to check if the $title variable was passed. We can use the null coalescing operator, ??, which is just a fancy way to use isset(). If the variable is set, display it, and if it’s not set, then use a default value.
<title>{{ $title ?? "Laravel Tutorials"}}</title>

If we refresh our page now, we get the result that we wanted.

That’s it for including subviews. One more directive to look at before we move out of Blade files and move into something I enjoy more, components.

https://github.com/dinocajic/youtube-laravel

Laravel Series

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